![]() ![]() 7Īs KNHANES data were derived from multistage complex probability sampling, population weighting was applied in the analyses. Pre-bronchodilator FEV 1, FVC and FEV 1/FVC ratio were used to determine restrictive or obstructive defects, where a restrictive pattern was defined as FEV 1/FVC ≥0.70 and FVC <80% according to American Thoracic Society criteria, 6 and an obstructive pattern was defined as FEV 1/FVC <0.70 and FEV 1 ≥ 80%. PFT was performed using a rolling dry-seal spirometer (Model 2130 SensorMedics, Yorba Linda, CA, USA), with which forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1) were measured. ![]() ![]() 2, 5 Radiology specialists and pulmonologists independently interpreted chest radiography focused on the presence of lung disease, and specialized radiologists re-analyzed and confirmed the results. Trained personnel obtained health information in the KNHANES via face-to-face interviews, 4 and the clinical variables that could be associated with abnormal pulmonary function, such as age, gender, smoking status, history of pulmonary disease and pulmonary symptoms, were considered based on the relevant literature. The KNHANES data are publicly available and ethics approval for this study was obtained from the Korean Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. Finally, 12 109 subjects who had complete information were included. Subjects who had incomplete chest radiography ( n = 3935) or PFT ( n = 5916) information or who had underlying pulmonary diseases such as tuberculosis, asthma and lung cancer ( n = 1573) were excluded. Because the PFT was performed only in those 40 years old from 2010 to 2012, we excluded 22 199 subjects aged <40. #Chest xray normal vs abnormal series#The aim of our study was to evaluate factors for abnormal PFT among subjects with normal X-ray results using nationwide representative samples in Korea, and to evaluate the importance of PFT in screening.Ī total of 45 811 subjects participated in the KNHANES, which was a series of yearly national surveys conducted by the Korea Center for Disease Control and Prevention from 2008 to 2012. Thus, in previous studies, X-ray abnormality was one of the major risk factors for predicting functional lung abnormality, and this can be a limitation to explaining the independent role of the pulmonary function test (PFT). 1 Likewise, there have been studies of the prevalence and risk factors of lung function impairment in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), 2, 3 but they included all subjects aged ≥40 regardless of their X-ray results. A recent study from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (US NHANES) showed that 13.4% and 5.7% of the general population had obstructive and restrictive impairment, respectively. Obstructive lung diseases consist of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and bronchial asthma restrictive pulmonary abnormalities include interstitial lung disease (ILD) and other extrinsic restrictive diseases. Pulmonary function testing is an important tool for the evaluation of obstructive and restrictive lung disease. Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. ![]()
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